期刊：Rice
主题：通气促进水稻根部Cd滞留
标题：Aeration Increases Cadmium (Cd) Retention by Enhancing Iron Plaque Formation and Regulating Pectin Synthesis in the Roots of Rice (Oryza sativa) Seedlings
影响因子：3.513
检测指标：O₂、Cd²⁺流速
检测部位：距离根尖200微米、500微米，木质部
O₂、Cd²⁺流实验处理方法：
3周龄水稻幼苗，50uM CdCl2及充空气（每小时30分钟）处理14天
O₂、Cd²⁺流实验测试液成份：
0.01mM CdCl2,0.1mM KCl, 0.1mM CaCl2 and 0.3mM MES , pH 5.4
作者：浙江理工大学熊杰、李沪波

英文摘要

Aeration and water management increasingrhizosphere oxygen amount significantly promote rice (Oryza sativa) growth andyield, but the effect of root aeration on cadmium (Cd) toxicity andaccumulation in rice seedlings under hydroponic culture remains unclear.

Results showed that aeration promoted riceseedling growth and alleviated Cd toxicity. Transverse section discovered thatCd accelerated root mature and senescence while aeration delayed the mature andsenescence of roots. Non-invasive Micro-test Technology (NMT) showed thataeration increased net O2 and Cd2+ influxes on the surface of roots whiledecreased net Cd2+ influx in xylem. Perls blue staining showed that aerationand Cd treatments increased iron plaque formation on the surface of roots.Results of metal concentration analysis showed that besides increasing Cdretention in iron plaque, aeration also increasing Cd retention in the cellwall of rice roots. Cell wall component analysis showed that aeration not onlyincreased pectin content but also decreased pectin methylesterification degree(PMD) by increasing pectin methylesterase (PME) activity.

All of these results indicate that aerationnot only delays root mature and senescence but also increases Cd retention in rootsby enhancing iron plaque formation and regulating pectin synthesis in the rootsof rice seedlings.

中文摘要（谷歌机翻）

曝气和水分管理增加根际氧气量显着促进了水稻（Oryza sativa）的生长和产量，但根系曝气对水培过程中水稻幼苗镉（Cd）毒性和积累的影响仍不清楚。

结果表明，曝气促进了水稻幼苗生长，减轻了Cd的毒性。横切面发现Cd加速根成熟和衰老，而通气延迟了根的成熟和衰老。非损伤微测技术（NMT）显示，通气增加了根表面的净O2和Cd2+流入，同时降低了木质部中的净Cd2+流入。Perls蓝染色显示通气和Cd处理增加了根表面的铁斑块形成。金属浓度分析结果表明，除了增加铁斑块中Cd的保留外，还可以增加水稻根细胞壁中Cd的保留。细胞壁成分分析表明，通气不仅可以增加果胶含量，还可以通过增加果胶甲酯酶（PME）活性来降低果胶甲酯化程度（PMD）。

所有这些结果表明，通气不仅可以延缓根系成熟和衰老，还可以通过增强水稻幼苗根系中铁斑块形成和调节果胶合成来增加根中Cd的保留。

Fig. 3 Effects of aeration or/and 50 μM CdCl2 treatments on net O2 and Cd2+ fluxes in the roots of rice seedling. a Time-course of Net O2 flux on the surface of root at 500 μm from root apex (elongation zone); b Time-course of Net Cd2+ flux on the surface of root at 500 μm from apex (elongation zone); c Statistical results of steady-state net O2 and Cd2+ fluxes on the surface of root at 500 μm from apex (elongation zone); d Time-course of Net O2 flux on the surface of root at 200 μm from root apex (meristematic zone); e Time-course of Net Cd2+ flux on the surface of root at 200 μm from apex (meristematic zone); f Statistical results of steady-state net O2 and Cd2+ fluxes on the surface of root at 200 μm from apex (meristematic zone); g Time-course of Net O2 flux in the xylem of root at 500 μm from root apex (elongation zone); h Time-course of Net Cd2+ flux in the xylem of root at 500 μm from apex (elongation zone); i Statistical results of steady-state net O2 and Cd2+ fluxes in the xylem of root at 500 μm from apex (elongation zone). The 3-week-old rice seedlings under hydroponic culture were aerated with air pump (30 min per hour) in the absence or presence of 50 μM CdCl2 for 14 d. The values are means ± SE (n = 100). Different letters on bar indicate significant differences at P < 0.05

文章链接：https://thericejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12284-019-0291-0

期刊：Chemosphere

主题：生物炭中的盐分影响水稻对土壤镉的吸收累积

标题：Chlorine weaken the immobilization of Cd in soil-rice systems by biochar

影响因子：5.108

检测指标：Cd²⁺流速

Cd²⁺流实验处理方法：5天的水稻幼苗，6mM NaCl瞬时处理

Cd²⁺流实验测试液成份：0.1mM KCl, 0.1 mM CaCl2, 0.01mM CdCl2, pH= 5.8

作者：福建农林大学王果、李荭荭

英文摘要

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was cultivated in a Cd-contaminated soilswith rice straw biochar (BC) and water-washed rice straw biochar (W-BC) wereapplied to investigate the underlying mechanisms and possible reasons for biochar'sweakening effects on the immobilization of Cd in soil-rice system.

The results indicated that W-BC reduced the Cd concentration inpore water as well as in the roots and shoots of rice by 26.24%, 53.23% and62.47% respectively. On the contrary, there was an increase in Cd contents by50.27% in pore water, 2.32% in the roots, and 12.80% in the shoots of riceunder BC treatment. Furthermore, Cd content in rice shoot was significantly andpositively correlated with Cl− addition to the soil (P<0.01).

This phenomenon could be attributed to several combined effects:(1) the increase of Cl− in the soil decreased the soil pH, enhanced thedissolved organic carbon in soil pore water and increased the complexes of Cd2+and Cl−, resulting in the release of Cd from solid phase into solution phase,(2) the chloride in the soil increased the uptake of CdCl+ instead of Cd2+ bythe roots, thereby causing an increase of Cd in rice tissues. These resultsdemonstrate for the first time that biochar with high chloride content couldweaken its immobilization effects on soil Cd and even enhance Cd uptake byrice.

中文摘要

水稻（Oryza sativa L.）在镉污染土壤中种植稻草生物炭（BC）和水洗稻草生物炭（W-BC），以研究生物炭对生物炭减弱作用的潜在机制和可能的原因。土壤 - 水稻体系中Cd的固定化。

结果表明，W-BC使孔隙水以及水稻根冠中Cd含量分别降低26.24％，53.23％和62.47％。相反，在BC处理下，孔隙水中Cd含量增加50.27％，根中Cd含量增加2.32％，水稻枝条中Cd含量增加12.80％。水稻中Cd含量与土壤中Cl-的含量呈显着正相关（P <0.01）。

这种现象可归因于以下几种综合效应：（1）土壤中Cl-的增加降低了土壤pH值，增加了土壤孔隙水中溶解的有机碳，增加了Cd2+和Cl-的络合物，导致了土壤的释放。 Cd从固相进入溶液相，（2）土壤中的氯化物增加了CdCl+对Cd2+的吸收，从而导致水稻组织中Cd的增加。这些结果首次表明，氯含量高的生物炭可以减弱其对土壤Cd的固定化效应，甚至可以提高水稻对Cd的吸收。

氯添加对水稻根表镉离子流的影响

文章链接：https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519314444

期刊：New Phytologist
主题：PTP3ases调节棉花耐盐新机制
标题：Phosphatase GhDsPTP3a interacts with annexin protein GhANN8b to reversely regulate salt tolerance in cotton (Gossypium spp.)
影响因子：7.299
检测指标：Ca²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺流速

Ca²⁺流实验方法：
7d拟南芥，100 mM NaCl瞬时盐胁迫处理，检测距根尖1000微米的点
Ca²⁺流实验测试液成份：
0.1 mM KCl, 0.1 mM CaCl2, 0.1 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM NaCl, 0.3 mM MES, 0.2 mM Na2SO4, 0.1 % sucrose, pH 6.0

K⁺、Na⁺流实验方法：
· 5d拟南芥，0、100 mM NaCl处理24h，检测距根尖200微米的点
· 6d拟南芥，50 uM LaCl3+100 mM NaCl处理24h，检测距根尖200微米的点

K⁺、Na⁺流实验测试液成份：
0.5 mM KCl, 0.1 mM CaCl2, 0.1 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM NaCl,
0.3 mM MES, pH 6.0
作者：中国农业大学李芳军、穆春、得州农工大学单丽波

英文摘要

Salinity is among the major factorslimiting crop production worldwide. Despite having moderate salt‐tolerance,cotton (Gossypium spp.) suffers severe yield losses to salinity stresses,largely due to being grown on saline‐alkali and drylands.
To identify genetic determinants conferringsalinity tolerance in cotton, we deployed a functional genomic screen using acotton cDNA library in a virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector. We have revealed thatsilencing of GhDsPTP3a, which encodes a protein phosphatase, increases cottontolerance to salt stress.
Yeast two‐hybrid screensindicated that GhDsPTP3a interacts with GhANN8b, an annexin protein, whichplays a positive role in regulating cotton response to salinity stress. Saltstress induces GhANN8b phosphorylation, which is subsequently dephosphorylated byGhDsPTP3a. Ectopic expression of GhDsPTP3a and GhANN8b oppositely regulatesplant salt tolerance and calcium influx. In addition, we have revealed thatsilencing of GhDsPTP3a or GhANN8b exerts opposing roles in regulating GhSOS1transcript levels, and ectopic expression of GhANN8b elevates Na+ efflux inArabidopsis under salinity stress.
Our study demonstrates that a cottonphosphatase GhDsPTP3a and an annexin protein GhANN8b interact and reverselymodulate Ca2+ and Na+ fluxes in cotton salinity responses.

中文摘要（谷歌机翻译）

盐度是限制全球作物生产的主要因素之一。尽管具有适度的耐盐性，但棉花（Gossypium spp。）遭受盐度胁迫的严重产量损失，主要是由于在盐碱地和干旱地区生长。

为了鉴定赋予棉花耐盐性的遗传决定因子，我们在病毒诱导的基因沉默（VIGS）载体中使用棉花cDNA文库部署了功能基因组筛选。我们已经发现，编码蛋白磷酸酶的GhDsPTP3a的沉默会增加棉花对盐胁迫的耐受性。

酵母双杂交筛选表明GhDsPTP3a与膜联蛋白GhANN8b相互作用，后者在调节棉花对盐胁迫的反应中起着积极作用。盐胁迫诱导GhANN8b磷酸化，其随后被GhDsPTP3a去磷酸化。GhDsPTP3a和GhANN8b的异位表达相反地调节植物盐耐受性和钙内流。此外，我们发现GhDsPTP3a或GhANN8b的沉默在调节GhSOS1转录水平中发挥相反的作用，并且GhANN8b的异位表达在盐胁迫下提高拟南芥中的Na+流出。

我们的研究表明棉花磷酸酶GhDsPTP3a和膜联蛋白GhANN8b在棉花盐度反应中相互作用并反向调节Ca2+和Na+通量。

(b) Ectopic-expression of GhDsPTP3a or GhANN8b alters extracellular Na+ efflux upon salt stress in live roots via NMT assay. (c) LaCl3 blocks GhANN8b-induced Na+ efflux upon salt stress in live roots via NMT assay.

文章链接：https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nph.15850#accessDenialLayout

期刊：Plant Physiology
主题：MADS-box转录因子促低氮时根系吸硝
标题：A Transcription Factor, OsMADS57, Regulates Long-distance Nitrate Transport and Root Elongation
影响因子：6.305
检测指标：NO₃^-流速
NO₃^-流实验处理方法：0.2 mM NO3-培养2周后，N饥饿处理3天
NO₃^-流实验测试液成份：0.2 mM KNO3, 0.2 mM CaCl2, 0.1 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM MgSO4, 0.3 mM MES, pH 6.0
作者：南京农业大学张亚丽、黄双杰

英文摘要

Root nitrate uptake adjusts tothe plant’s nitrogen demand for growth. Here, we report that OsMADS57, aMADS-box transcription factor, modulates nitrate translocation from rice (Oryzasativa) roots to shoots under low-nitrate conditions. OsMADS57 is abundantlyexpressed in xylem parenchyma cells of root stele and is induced by nitrate.Compared with wild-type rice plants supplied with 0.2 mM nitrate, osmads57mutants had 31% less xylem loading of nitrate, while overexpression lines had2-fold higher levels. Shoot-root 15N content ratios were 40% lower in themutants and 76% higher in the overexpression lines. Rapid NO3− root influxexperiments showed that mutation of OsMADS57 did not affect root nitrateuptake.

Reverse transcriptionquantitative PCR analysis of OsNRT2 nitrate transporter genes showed that after5 min in 0.2 mM nitrate, only OsNRT2.3a (a vascular-specific high-affinitynitrate transporter) had reduced (by two-thirds) expression levels. At 60 minof nitrate treatment, lower expression levels were also observed for threeadditional NRT2 genes (OsNRT2.1/2.2/2.4). Conversely, in the overexpressionlines, four NRT2 genes had much higher expression profiles at all time pointstested.

As previously reported, OsNRT2.3afunctions in nitrate translocation, indicating the possible interaction betweenOsMADS57 and OsNRT2.3a. Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assaysdemonstrated that OsMADS57 binds to the CArG motif (CATTTTATAG) within theOsNRT2.3a promoter. Moreover, seminal root elongation was inhibited in osmads57mutants, which may be associated with higher auxin levels in and auxin polartransport to root tips of mutant plants. Taken together, these results suggestthat OsMADS57 has a role in regulating nitrate translocation from root to shootvia OsNRT2.3a.

中文摘要（谷歌机翻译）

根硝酸盐吸收可调节植物对氮的生长需求。在这里，我们报告OsMADS57，一种MADS-box转录因子，在低硝酸盐条件下调节从水稻（Oryza sativa）根到芽的硝酸盐易位。OsMADS57在根茎的木质部薄壁细胞中大量表达，并由硝酸盐诱导。与提供0.2mM硝酸盐的野生型水稻植物相比，osmads57突变体的硝酸盐木质部负载量减少31％，而过表达株系的水平增加2倍。芽根15N含量比率在突变体中低40％，在过表达株系中高76％。快速NO3-根流入实验表明，OsMADS57的突变不影响硝酸根的吸收。

OsNRT2硝酸盐转运蛋白基因的逆转录定量PCR分析显示，在0.2mM硝酸盐中5分钟后，仅OsNRT2.3a（血管特异性高亲和力硝酸盐转运蛋白）表达水平降低（三分之二）。在硝酸盐处理60分钟时，还观察到另外三种NRT2基因（OsNRT2.1 / 2.2 / 2.4）的较低表达水平。相反，在过表达株系中，四个NRT2基因在所有测试时间点具有高得多的表达谱。

如先前报道，OsNRT2.3a在硝酸盐易位中起作用，表明OsMADS57和OsNRT2.3a之间可能的相互作用。酵母单杂交和瞬时表达测定证明OsMADS57与OsNRT2.3a启动子内的CArG基序（CATTTTATAG）结合。此外，osmads57突变体中的精液根伸长受到抑制，这可能与突变植物根尖中的生长素水平和生长素极性转运相关。总之，这些结果表明OsMADS57通过OsNRT2.3a调节从根到茎的硝酸盐易位。

Figure 3. NO3- acquisition in wild-type (WT), mutants (m1-2) and overexpression lines (Ox1-3). Rice seedlings were grown in IRRI nutrient solution containing 0.2 mM NO3- for 2 weeks and then deprived of N for 3 d. The plants were transferred to IRRI nutrient solution containing 0.2 mM 15NO3- for 5 min. (B) Net NO3- fluxes in the seminal root meristem of rice plants supplied with 0.2 mM NO3- for 11 min. (C) Mean rate of NO3- fluxes during the entire 11 min. Data are means of five replications ± SE. *, P < 0.05 (Student’s t-test) comparing the WT and other lines. min = minutes.

文章链接：http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/180/2/882