转自中关村旭月非损伤微测技术产业联盟

期刊：中国农业科学
标题：根系局部NaCl处理对葡萄植株伤害度、Na+积累和碳氮分配的影响
检测指标：Na⁺
检测样品：葡萄根系
作者：山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院孙红、姚玉新

转自中关村旭月非损伤微测技术产业联盟

NMT历史上的今天

2014年01月14日，中科院水生所王强、陈辉用NMT在Plant and Cell Physiology上发表了标题为Ca2+ Signal Transduction Related to Neutral Lipid Synthesis in an Oil-Producing Green Alga Chlorella sp. C2的研究成果。

• 期刊：Plant and Cell Physiology
• 主题：Ca²⁺流指示的微藻氮胁迫信号转导研究
• 标题：Ca²⁺ Signal Transduction Related to Neutral Lipid Synthesis in an Oil-Producing Green Alga Chlorella sp. C2
• 影响因子：4.134
• 检测指标：Ca²⁺流速
• 通讯作者：中科院水生所王强、陈辉

英文摘要

Changes in the cytosolic Ca²⁺ levels and the role of Ca²⁺ signal transduction in neutral lipid synthesis in Chlorella sp. C2 under nitrogen starvation conditions were investigated. The results detected by using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique demonstrate that nitrogen starvation induced significant Ca²⁺ influx across the plasma membrane into cells.

Ca²⁺ fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry were used to estimate the effect of this Ca²⁺ influx on the generation of the Ca²⁺ signal, and the results showed that the cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration increased transiently and then remained at a stable, high level when the cells were exposed to nitrogen starvation. However, the increase could be inhibited by pre-treatment with the Ca²⁺ channel blockers ruthenium red, verapamil and GdCl3, indicating that both the influx of Ca²⁺ from the extracellular space via Ca²⁺ channels that are localized in the plasma membrane and the release of Ca²⁺ from intracellular calcium storage via the internal calcium store were required for the generation and transduction of the Ca²⁺ signal.

During nitrogen starvation, neutral lipid synthesis in Chlorella sp. C2 in response to stress conditions was also inhibited to differing degrees by pre-treatment with the three Ca²⁺ channel blockers, demonstrating the regulation of Ca²⁺ via these Ca²⁺ channels in neutral lipid synthesis.

The results suggested that by transduction of extracellular stress signals into the cell and the regulation of the Ca²⁺ signal in neutral lipid synthesis, Ca²⁺ signal transduction played important roles in the response mechanism of Chlorella sp. C2 to nitrogen starvation.

中文摘要（谷歌机翻）

小球藻中胞质Ca²⁺水平的变化以及Ca²⁺信号转导在中性脂质合成中的作用。研究了氮饥饿条件下的C2。通过使用扫描离子选择电极技术检测到的结果表明，氮饥饿导致大量Ca²⁺穿过质膜流入细胞。

Ca²⁺荧光成像和流式细胞仪用于评估这种Ca²⁺内流对Ca²⁺信号生成的影响，结果表明，当细胞暴露于细胞中时，胞浆中Ca²⁺的浓度会瞬时增加，然后保持稳定的高水平。氮饥饿。但是，通过用Ca²⁺通道阻滞剂钌红，维拉帕米和GdCl3进行预处理可以抑制这种增加，这表明Ca²⁺经由位于质膜上的Ca²⁺通道从细胞外空间大量涌入以及Ca²⁺的释放。Ca²⁺信号的产生和转导需要通过内部钙储存器进行细胞内钙储存。

在氮饥饿期间，小球藻中的中性脂质合成。通过使用三种Ca²⁺通道阻滞剂的预处理，C2对应激条件的响应也受到了不同程度的抑制，这表明在中性脂质合成中通过这些Ca²⁺通道对Ca²⁺的调节。

结果表明，通过将细胞外应激信号转导到细胞中以及中性脂质合成中Ca²⁺信号的调节，Ca²⁺信号转导在小球藻的反应机制中发挥了重要作用。C2导致氮饥饿。

Fig. 1 The total Ca²⁺ flux rates over 5 min in Chlorella sp. C2 under N starvation. (a) Microphotographic examples of Ca²⁺ ion flux/voltage-clamp measurements. (b) Total flux rates of Ca²⁺ were detected at 0, 0.5, 2 and 8 d after N starvation. The columns represent the means of three replicated studies in each sample, with the SD of the means (t-test, P < 0.05). The significance of the differences between the control (0 d) and other test values was tested using a one-way analysis of variance. *P < 0.05 vs. control.

文章链接：https://academic.oup.com/pcp/article/55/3/634/1939753

转自中关村旭月非损伤微测技术产业联盟

NMT历史上的今天

2017年01月06日，北京林业大学陈少良、张玉红用NMT在Frontiers in Plant Science上发表了标题为Paxillus involutus-Facilitated Cd2+ Influx through Plasma Membrane Ca²⁺-Permeable Channels Is Stimulated by H2O2 and H+-ATPase in Ectomycorrhizal Populus × canescens under Cadmium Stress的研究成果。

• 期刊：Frontiers in Plant Science
• 主题：Paxillus involutus促进Cd²⁺吸收机制
• 标题：Paxillus involutus-Facilitated Cd²⁺ Influx through Plasma Membrane Ca2+-Permeable Channels Is Stimulated by H₂O₂ and H⁺-ATPase in Ectomycorrhizal Populus × canescens under Cadmium Stress
• 影响因子：4.495
• 检测指标：H⁺、Ca²⁺、Cd²⁺、H₂O₂流速
• 通讯作者：北京林业大学陈少良、张玉红

英文摘要

Using a Non-invasive Micro-test Technique, flux profiles of Cd²⁺, Ca²⁺, and H⁺ were investigated in axenically grown cultures of two strains of Paxillus involutus (MAJ and NAU), ectomycorrhizae formed by these fungi with the woody Cd²⁺-hyperaccumulator, Populus × canescens, and non-mycorrhizal (NM) roots.

The influx of Cd²⁺ increased in fungal mycelia, NM and ectomycorrhizal (EM) roots upon a 40-min shock, after short-term (ST, 24 h), or long-term (LT, 7 days) exposure to a hydroponic environment of 50 μM CdCl₂. Cd²⁺ treatments (shock, ST, and LT) decreased Ca²⁺ influx in NM and EM roots but led to an enhanced influx of Ca²⁺ in axenically grown EM cultures of the two P. involutus isolates.

The susceptibility of Cd²⁺ flux to typical Ca²⁺ channel blockers (LaCl₃, GdCl₃, verapamil, and TEA) in fungal mycelia and poplar roots indicated that the Cd²⁺ entry occurred mainly through Ca²⁺-permeable channels in the plasma membrane (PM). Cd²⁺ treatment resulted in H₂O₂ production. H₂O₂ exposure accelerated the entry of Cd²⁺ and Ca²⁺ in NM and EM roots. Cd²⁺ further stimulated H⁺ pumping activity benefiting NM and EM roots to maintain an acidic environment, which favored the entry of Cd²⁺ across the PM.

A scavenger of reactive oxygen species, DMTU, and an inhibitor of PM H⁺-ATPase, orthovanadate, decreased Ca²⁺ and Cd²⁺ influx in NM and EM roots, suggesting that the entry of Cd²⁺ through Ca²⁺-permeable channels is stimulated by H₂O₂ and H⁺ pumps. Compared to NM roots, EM roots exhibited higher Cd²⁺-fluxes under shock, ST, and LT Cd²⁺ treatments.

We conclude that ectomycorrhizal P. × canescens roots retained a pronounced H₂O₂ production and a high H⁺-pumping activity, which activated PM Ca²⁺ channels and thus facilitated a high influx of Cd²⁺ under Cd²⁺ stress.

中文摘要（谷歌机翻）

使用非损伤微测技术，研究了两株渐渐出现的新孢子虫（MAJ和NAU）的无性培养中Cd²⁺，Ca²⁺和H⁺的通量分布，这是由这些真菌与木质的Cd²⁺-超蓄积剂，胡杨形成的外生菌根 ×canescens和非菌根（NM）根。

短期（ST，24 h）或长期（LT，7天）暴露于水培环境的40分钟休克后，真菌菌丝体，NM和根外菌根（EM）根中Cd²⁺的流入增加。50μM氯化镉。Cd²⁺处理（电击，ST和LT）减少了NM和EM根中的Ca²⁺流入，但导致了两个渐近线对虾分离株的无性生长EM培养物中Ca²⁺的流入增加。

Cd2+通量对真菌菌丝体和杨树根中典型的Ca²⁺通道阻滞剂（LaCl₃，GdCl₃，维拉帕米和TEA）的敏感性表明，Cd²⁺进入主要通过质膜（PM）中的Ca²⁺渗透通道发生。Cd²⁺处理导致产生H₂O₂。H₂O₂暴露加速了NM和EM根中Cd²⁺和Ca²⁺的进入。Cd²⁺进一步刺激了H⁺的泵送活性，有利于NM和EM根系维持酸性环境，这有利于Cd²⁺跨PM进入。

活性氧清除剂DMTU和PM H⁺ -ATPase的抑制剂原钒酸盐减少了NM和EM根中Ca²⁺和Cd²⁺的内流，这表明H₂O₂和H⁺泵刺激了Cd²⁺通过Ca²⁺渗透性通道的进入。与NM根相比，EM根在电击，ST和LT Cd²⁺处理下表现出更高的Cd²⁺通量。

我们得出的结论是，外生根茎假单胞菌根保留了明显的H₂O₂产生和高H+泵送活性，从而激活了PM Ca²⁺通道，从而促进了Cd²⁺胁迫下Cd²⁺的大量涌入。

FIGURE 1 | Effects of CdCl₂ on transient kinetics of Cd²⁺, Ca²⁺, and H⁺ in Populus × canescens roots and Paxillus involutus strains MAJ and NAU. Cd²⁺ (A), Ca²⁺ (B), and H⁺ (C) kinetics were recorded before and after the required amount of 50 µM CdCl₂ was introduced into the measuring chamber.

文章链接：https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2016.01975/full

转自中关村旭月非损伤微测技术产业联盟

期刊：北方农业学报
标题：泌盐盐生植物泌盐腺研究进展
作者：内蒙古农业大学刘艳、王洋

文章链接：http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2019&filename=NMGN201902004&v=MzAwMzRxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZllPWnVGeS9uVkwzQUt5RE1ZTEc0SDlqTXJZOUZZSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDM=